Course 2020-2021 a.y.

L’insegnamento è impartito in due moduli (1° semestre cod. 30426 e 2° semestre cod. 30427) che costituiscono un unico percorso didattico. I contenuti dell’insegnamento (nel suo complesso, e quindi considerando entrambi i moduli) sono focalizzati sulle seguenti aree tematiche:

• Il sistema di contabilità generale e la composizione del bilancio d’esercizio.
• La redazione del bilancio d’esercizio secondo quanto previsto dal codice civile.
• La valutazione dei valori stimati e congetturati di fine esercizio.
• Introduzione al bilancio consolidato.
• L’analisi di bilancio tramite riclassificazione e indici di bilancio.
• La costruzione del rendiconto finanziario.

Più specificatamente, il secondo modulo (cod. 30427) affronta le tematiche che seguono:

• La valutazione dei valori stimati e congetturati di fine esercizio relativi ai fondi rischi e spese future, immobilizzazioni materiali e immateriali, imposte di competenza, attività finanziarie.
• La redazione del bilancio consolidato, nel primo esercizio di attività del gruppo.
• L’analisi di bilancio attraverso la riclassificazione delle tavole di sintesi e la costruzione di indici.
• La costruzione e l’interpretazione del rendiconto finanziario.

• Verificare l’adeguatezza dei processi di valutazione di alcuni valori iscritti in bilancio (fondi rischi e spese future, immobilizzazioni materiali e immateriali, imposte di competenza, attività finanziarie).
• Riconoscere la necessità di svolgere scritture di assestamento nel rispetto del principio di competenza.
• Conoscere le logiche sottostanti la redazione del bilancio consolidato di un gruppo di imprese, nel primo anno di attività.
• Riclassificare il bilancio secondo il principio di pertinenza gestionale.
• Individuare le determinanti degli indici di redditività ROI e ROE.
• Conoscere le modalità di redazione del rendiconto finanziario e comprendere lo stato di salute reddituale, patrimoniale e finanziario di una azienda.

• Risolvere i problemi di valutazione delle principali voci di bilancio (fondi rischi e spese, immobilizzazioni materiali e immateriali, imposte di competenza, attività finanziarie).
• Redigere le principali scritture di assestamento (accantonamento, utilizzo, svalutazione, rivalutazione, capitalizzazione, destinazione a riserva) inerenti le valutazioni di bilancio.
• Svolgere scritture contabili in partita doppia inerenti la composizione del bilancio consolidato.
• Riclassificare il bilancio di esercizio secondo il principio di pertinenza gestionale.
• Calcolare indici di redditività e spiegare i motivi sottostanti la performance economico-finanziaria di una impresa.
• redigere il rendiconto finanziario.

• Lezioni frontali
• Lezioni online
• Testimonianze (in aula o a distanza)
• Esercitazioni (esercizi, banche dati, software etc.)
• Lavori/Assignment individuali

Oltre che fornire una buona preparazione in materia di contabilità e bilancio, obiettivo dell’insegnamento è stimolare una progressione nelle competenze che poggi prevalentemente sulla comprensione delle logiche alla base delle metodologie sviluppate e non solo su un apprendimento mnemonico.

• Conseguentemente, la didattica prevede un approccio induttivo-deduttivo alternando l’esposizione di concetti teorici ad applicazioni concrete: in particolare, al termine di ogni sezione principale del programma verranno proposte esercitazioni composte da esercizi quantitativi sui temi illustrati in classe. Per garantire continuità nel processo di apprendimento, lo studente ha a disposizione, oltre ai libri di testo, slide animate e video didattici utili al ripasso e alla sistematizzazione delle conoscenze esposte durante le lezioni frontali, nonché esercitazioni e test on line predisposti in modo da facilitare un apprendimento progressivo delle tematiche affrontate a lezione.

L’esame di profitto si svolge esclusivamente in forma scritta, tramite prova generale (non sono previste prove intermedie) da sostenere al termine del semestre, secondo quanto previsto dal calendario accademico pubblicato sull’agenda dello studente.

L’esame scritto consente di conseguire una valutazione massima fino a 31 punti.

Le prove d’esame sono costruite in modo da valorizzare non solo la capacità di descrivere i concetti teorici alla base dell’insegnamento (ad esempio tramite domande a risposta multipla e a risposta chiusa) ma valutare la capacità gli studenti di utilizzare consapevolmente ed efficacemente le conoscenze in rapporto a contesti diversi da quelli abituali, ed essere in grado di affrontare situazioni complesse facendo ricorso, oltre che a conoscenze di tipo tecnico specialistico, alle proprie risorse personali.

L’insegnamento non prevede una distinzione tra studenti frequentanti e non frequentanti.

Il contenuto del programma è approfondito nei seguenti libri di testo:

- Basic Financial Accounting - a cura di Lombardi Stocchetti G. - Guerini Next, Milano, 2019 (NUOVA EDIZIONE);

- Valutazioni di bilancio - a cura di Lombardi Stocchetti G. - Pearson, Milano, 2020 (EDIZIONE AGGIORNATA a quanto disposto dal D.Lgs. 139/2015 e dai nuovi principi OIC);

- Analisi di bilancio - a cura di Lombardi Stocchetti G. - Guerini Next, Milano, 2020

Ulteriore materiale didattico (SLIDE, ESERCIZI, VIDEO DIDATTICI, ESERCITAZIONI E TEST ON-LINE) è disponibile tramite accesso alla piattaforma Blackboard dell’Università.

Gli studenti che intendono esercitarsi svolgendo esercizi aggiuntivi rispetto a quanto disponibile sulle piattaforme on-line possono utilizzare i seguenti testi:

- Le rilevazioni contabili: esercizi - a cura di Lombardi Stocchetti G., Merlotti E., Paris P. - EGEA Milano, 2019.

- Le valutazioni di bilancio e il bilancio consolidato: esercizi - a cura di Lombardi Stocchetti G., Merlotti E., Paris P. - Egea, Milano, 2019.

- Le analisi di bilancio: esercizi - a cura di Lombardi Stocchetti G., Merlotti E., Paris P. - Egea, Milano, 2020.

I tre eserciziari raccolgono esercizi tratti da prove d’esame degli anni precedenti.

The content of the course, overall (30426 and 30427), can be summarized as follows:

• Understand the accounting methodology with reference to data gathering, processing, classification and recording using the "accounting equation" (A = L + SE) and then the double-entry accounting system.
• Understand the techniques at the basis of financial reporting preparation (preparation of journal entries on the basis of the accrual principle, going concern principle,...). 
• Understand the adjusting entries and identify the areas which are particularly subject to managerial discretion.
• Correctly evaluate the main financial statement items, according to law and to accounting principles:

  • Accounting for revenues and receivables.

  • Accounting for inventories.

  • Accounting for non-current tangible and intangible assets.

  • Accounting for liabilities and bonds.

  • Accounting for owners'equity.

  • accounting for investments in other corporations

• Compute and account for income taxes.

• Prepare a cash flow statement.

• Reclassify the F/S items according to different methodologies.

• Analyze F/S with ratios.

• Prepare consolidated financial statements.

The course makes reference, where necessary, to International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) and to the main differences compared to US GAAP:

• Accounting Module 1 30426 covers topics under items 1 to 4 of the above list (up to bonds).
• Accounting Module 2 30427 covers topics under 4 (cont'd from owners'equity) to 9 of the above list.

• Summarize and illustrate the theoretical tools needed to evaluate the following main financial statement items, according to law and to accounting principles:
  • Owners'equity.
  • Investments in other corporations.
  • Explain the process required to compute income taxes.
  • Reproduce a set of F/S reclassified according to the EU Directives taxonomy.
  • Define the categories where to classify a change in cash in the cash flow statement.
  • Illustrate the schemes of F/S reclassification for ratio analysis purposes.
  • Describe the main ratios used to analyze F/S (measures of performance, liquidity and solvency).
  • Recognize whether there is or not a "control" as a prerequisite to prepare consolidated F/S.
  • Summarize the meaning of the consolidation adjustments when preparing the consolidated financial statement.

• Understanding the firms’ key performance indicators.

• Analyze, evaluate, calculate and prepare the journal entries related to the following financial statement items, according to law and to accounting principles:
  • Owners'equity.
  • Investments in other corporations.
  • Calculate income taxes and prepare the relevant journal entries.
  • Compose the cash flow statement.
  • Reclassify the items according to the commonly-used F/S reclassification schemes for ratio analysis purposes.
  • Elaborate a F/S analysis (measures of performance, liquidity and solvency).
  • Prepare consolidated financial statement.

• Face-to-face lectures
• Online lectures
• Exercises (exercises, database, software etc.)
• Case studies /Incidents (traditional, online)
• Interactive class activities (role playing, business game, simulation, online forum, instant polls)

• Accounting Module 2 - 30427 is an "intermediate" course, hence - although the learning experience is based on face-to-face lectures - more interaction (cases discussion with students) is scheduled and expected thoughout the course.
• Lessons are interactive, as accounting is a very practical course: real-life cases are presented during teaching, with the goal of linking the explanation to the “real world of business and accounts”.
• After each set of lectures regarding a certain topic, review sessions are discussed in class: the goal of the review session consists in showing the students how to approach the preparation of journal entries and all other tasks concerning Accounting.
• To actively participate to review sessions, students need to use their communication and interpersonal skills.
• Additional materials (exercises, slides, et cetera) useful to get trained for the exam are posted on Bboard.

The final grade of the course, which is registered in the students’career, is determined as the average of the exams 30426 and 30427 grade.

All students are graded on an online, comprehensive exam (there are no partial exams), which is based on a mix of open questions, closed questions and exercises, which aims to assess the student’s learning level of the theoretical notions and the main concepts, methods and tools shared in the course. Final grade is rounded (please see also below).

The exam is on a 31-point basis. Nevertheless, during the semester students can get (up to) 8 points by carrying out two quizzes via Blackboard, which will be deployed on specific dates. These (up to) 8 points are substitutive of some exercises of the exam.

Please, find hereinafter further details about the assessment and grading methods. Please note: additional further information and details will be provided timely on Blackboard.

          I.          WRITTEN ONLINE EXAM

Students must register to seat for the exam.

At the end of the term, all students have a written online exam, given through Blackboard and will use the software Respondus Monitor.

The exam is graded on a 31,00 points basis. The exam, broadly, may be divided into two sections:

First section: closed-ended questions (Multiple Choice and “fill in the blank” or other types of closed-ended questions) which is worth approx. 10-14 points aimed at assessing the knowledge and understanding of the students, as follows:

• Ability to summarize and illustrate the theoretical tools needed to evaluate:

-        Owners'equity.

-        Investments in other corporations.

• Ability to explain how income taxes are computed.
• Understanding of the categories where to classify a change in cash in the cash flow statement.
• Knowledge of the schemes of F/S reclassification for ratio analysis purposes.
• Ability to describe the main ratios used to analyze F/S (measures of performance, liquidity and solvency).
• Ability to recognize whether there is or not a "control" as a prerequisite to prepare consolidated F/S.
• Ability to summarize the meaning of the consolidation adjustments when preparing the consolidated financial statement.

Second section: open-ended questions (journal entries or other types of open-ended questions, id est exercises) which is worth approx. 17-21 points aimed at assessing the application of the knowledge and understanding of the students, as follows:

• Ability to analyze, evaluate, calculate and prepare the journal entries related to the following financial statement items, according to law and to accounting principles:

-        Owners'equity.

-        Investments in other corporations.

• Ability to calculate income taxes and prepare the relevant journal entries.
• Ability to compose the cash flow statement.
• Ability to reclassify the items according to the commonly-used F/S reclassification schemes for ratio analysis purposes.
• Ability to elaborate a F/S analysis (measures of performance, liquidity and solvency).
• Ability to prepare consolidated financial statement.

       II.          BONUS QUIZZES

During the course, 2 short quizzes are given to the students via BlackBoard. These tests consist of either closed-ended and open-ended questions. They approximately last 10-15 minutes and their main goal is to foster continuous assessment.

The quizzes do not require the use of Respondus Monitor.

Each of the two quizzes is graded between 0,00 and 4,00 points and at end of the course, points of the two quizzes are added up. Hence, a student can achieve up to 8,00 points as “bonus quizzes”.

Such (up to) 8,00 “bonus points” give the students the following: on the date of the exam, they are allowed TO SKIP some exercises (chosen by the instructors and clearly identified in the exam) which are automatically graded with the points scored in the quizzes.

In other words, these points are not “in addition to” the grade of the exam, but rather these points are “SUBSTITUTIVE” of exercises in the exam which are weighed 8 points.

In light of the above, all students who are happy with their grade achieved in the “bonus quizzes” have an exam on 23 point basis, as they automatically get a certain, predefined number of “bonus points” in the dedicated exercises.

Otherwise, whether a student is unhappy with the points achieved in the “bonus quizzes”, he/she is allowed to make all the exercises in the exam. The grade of the exam exercises overrides the points scored in the Bonus Quizzes.

But remember:

·        the exam lasts the same time both for those who are happy with the quizzes points and for those who are unhappy with the quizzes points;

·        partial grading won’t be activated for Bonus Quizzes questions, so for example if you have a 3-points question, and you have three “true or false”, and you answer correct to two over three, you are getting zero points anyway.

In short, the main advantages of the quizzes are:

·        More time to take the exam

·        A part of the grade is assigned in advance

In any possible scenario (absence, failure, withdraw) occurring in one exam session, the “bonus quizzes” is still valid and still may be used in the subsequent sessions of the academic year (February 2022).

After February 2022 the bonus quizzes is no longer valid.

Please note. Following is a clarification about roundings. When adding up the points of the quizzes with the points scored in the exam, the grade of the quiz stays as it is, with only the final grade of the exam 30427 being rounded, and then rounded again with 30426 to make an only grade 30425 in the academic career (please read paragraph “PREREQUISITES” above).

So for example if a student obtains an overall score on the quizzes of 6.5 out of 8, and the points of the exam are 20.25 out of 23, the final grade of the exam is 6.5 + 20.25 = 26.75 which is then rounded to 27 as final grade of Accounting 2 (30427).

If in the first semester the same student took 28 in Accounting 1 (30426), then the final total grade in the career of the student will be [(27+28)/2] = 27.50 which is rounded as 28 under the course code 30425 “Accounting”.

The course material is exclusively represented by:

• Financial Accounting, International Edition, Libby, Libby, Hodge. McGraw-Hill, 2018 (10th edition).
• C. GALIMBERTI, A. MARRA, A. PRENCIPE, Consolidation: Preparing and understanding consolidated financial statements under IFRS, McGrawHill Education, 2013.
• Slides - provided through Bboard.

The course materials (e.g., hands outs and teaching notes) are regularly downloadable from Bboard platform. Teachers make the materials available throughout the course.

L'insegnamento affronta nel Modulo II le seguenti aree tematiche:

• La valutazione dei crediti di funzionamento e dei correlati ricavi di vendita.
• La valutazione dei fondi rischi e oneri.
• La rappresentazione delle operazioni in valuta estera.
• La valutazione delle imposte di competenza.
• La valutazione delle attività finanziarie (partecipazioni).
• Introduzione al bilancio consolidato.
• L'analisi del bilancio: la riclassificazione del conto economico ed i relativi indici.
• L'analisi del bilancio: la riclassificazione dello stato patrimoniale ed i relativi indici.
• L'analisi del bilancio: gli indici di redditività e le loro determinanti.
• Tecnica di costruzione e analisi del rendiconto finanziario.

• Giudicare come dare adeguata rappresentazione ai valori stimati e congetturati di fine esercizio, nel rispetto della normativa vigente e di corretti principi contabili.
• Comporre un bilancio consolidato.
• Analizzare e intepretare i bilanci mediante riclassificazioni e indici.
• Completare l'informativa di bilancio tramite una adeguata rappresentazione della dimensione finanziaria.

• Effettuare corrette valutazioni delle principali voci di bilancio.
• Comporre il bilancio consolidato del primo esercizio di attività per un gruppo di imprese.
• Saper riclassificare il conto economico e lo stato patrimoniale e calcolare e intepretare i principali indici di bilancio.
• Costruire e interpretare tramite opportuni indici il rendiconto finanziario.

• Lezioni frontali
• Esercitazioni (esercizi, banche dati, software etc.)
• Analisi casi studio / Incidents guidati (tradizionali, multimediali)

• Durante il corso il docente svolgerà molte esercitazioni in aula per facilitare la comprensione dei diversi temi affrontati.

L'esame finale ha una durata di 60 minuti ed è costituito da domande chiuse di tipo multiple choice e multiple answers che mirano ad accertare la comprensione sia concettuale sia quantitativa con riferimento a:

• principi di valutazione e bilancio consolidato;
• analisi di bilancio (riclassificazioni, indici e rendiconto finanziario).

Il corso si basa sui seguenti libri di testo (gli stessi già indicati per il Modulo I cod. 30426)

• Basic Financial Accounting - a cura di Lombardi Stocchetti G. - Guerini Next, Milano, 2019 (NUOVA EDIZIONE);
• Valutazioni di bilancio - a cura di Lombardi Stocchetti G. - Pearson, Milano, 2019 (Edizione aggiornata a quanto disposto dal D.Lgs. 139/2015 e dai nuovi principi OIC 2017);

Sono inoltre previste slide ed esercitazioni che saranno rese disponibili mediante la piattaforma del corso.

The content of the course, overall (30426 and 30427), can be summarized as follows:

1. Understand the accounting methodology with reference to data gathering, processing, classification and recording using the "accounting equation" (A = L + SE) and then the double-entry accounting system.
2. Understand the techniques at the basis of financial reporting preparation (preparation of journal entries on the basis of the accrual principle, going concern principle,...). 
3. Understand the adjusting entries and identify the areas which are particularly subject to managerial discretion.
4. Correctly evaluate the main financial statement items, according to law and to accounting principles:
   • Accounting for revenues and receivables.
   • Accounting for inventories.
   • Accounting for non-current tangible and intangible assets.
   • Accounting for liabilities and bonds.
   • Accounting for owners'equity.
   • accounting for investments in other corporations
5. Compute and account for income taxes.
6. Prepare a cash flow statement.
7. Reclassify the F/S items according to different methodologies.
8. Analyze F/S with ratios.
9. Prepare consolidated financial statements.

The course makes reference, where necessary, to International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) and to the main differences compared to US GAAP:

• Accounting Module 1 30426 covers topics under items 1 to 4 of the above list (up to bonds).
• Accounting Module 2 30427 covers topics under 4 (cont'd from owners'equity) to 9 of the above list.

• Summarize and illustrate the theoretical tools needed to evaluate the following main financial statement items, according to law and to accounting principles:
  • Owners'equity.
  • Investments in other corporations.
  • Explain the process required to compute income taxes.
  • Reproduce a set of F/S reclassified according to the EU Directives taxonomy.
  • Define the categories where to classify a change in cash in the cash flow statement.
  • Illustrate the schemes of F/S reclassification for ratio analysis purposes.
  • Describe the main ratios used to analyze F/S (measures of performance, liquidity and solvency).
  • Recognize whether there is or not a "control" as a prerequisite to prepare consolidated F/S.
  • Summarize the meaning of the consolidation adjustments when preparing the consolidated financial statement.

• Understanding the firms’ key performance indicators.

Analyze, evaluate, calculate and prepare the journal entries related to the following financial statement items, according to law and to accounting principles:

• Owners'equity.
• Investments in other corporations.
• Calculate income taxes and prepare the relevant journal entries.
• Compose the cash flow statement.
• Reclassify the items according to the commonly-used F/S reclassification schemes for ratio analysis purposes.
• Elaborate a F/S analysis (measures of performance, liquidity and solvency).
• Prepare consolidated financial statement.

• Face-to-face lectures
• Online lectures
• Exercises (exercises, database, software etc.)
• Case studies /Incidents (traditional, online)
• Interactive class activities (role playing, business game, simulation, online forum, instant polls)

• Accounting Module 2 - 30427 is an "intermediate" course, hence - although the learning experience is based on face-to-face lectures - more interaction (cases discussion with students) is scheduled and expected thoughout the course.
• Lessons are interactive, as accounting is a very practical course: real-life cases are presented during teaching, with the goal of linking the explanation to the “real world of business and accounts”.
• After each set of lectures regarding a certain topic, review sessions are discussed in class: the goal of the review session consists in showing the students how to approach the preparation of journal entries and all other tasks concerning Accounting.
• To actively participate to review sessions, students need to use their communication and interpersonal skills.
• Additional materials (exercises, slides, et cetera) useful to get trained for the exam are posted on Bboard.

The final grade of the course, which is registered in the students’career, is determined as the average of the exams 30426 and 30427 grade.

All students are graded on an online, comprehensive exam (there are no partial exams), which is based on a mix of open questions, closed questions and exercises, which aims to assess the student’s learning level of the theoretical notions and the main concepts, methods and tools shared in the course. Final grade is rounded (please see also below).

The exam is on a 31-point basis. Nevertheless, during the semester students can get (up to) 8 points by carrying out two quizzes via Blackboard, which will be deployed on specific dates. These (up to) 8 points are substitutive of some exercises of the exam.

Please, find hereinafter further details about the assessment and grading methods. Please note: additional further information and details will be provided timely on Blackboard.

          I.          WRITTEN ONLINE EXAM

Students must register to seat for the exam.

At the end of the term, all students have a written online exam, given through Blackboard and will use the software Respondus Monitor.

The exam is graded on a 31,00 points basis. The exam, broadly, may be divided into two sections:

First section: closed-ended questions (Multiple Choice and “fill in the blank” or other types of closed-ended questions) which is worth approx. 10-14 points aimed at assessing the knowledge and understanding of the students, as follows:

• Ability to summarize and illustrate the theoretical tools needed to evaluate:
  • Owners'equity.
  • Investments in other corporations.
• Ability to explain how income taxes are computed.
• Understanding of the categories where to classify a change in cash in the cash flow statement.
• Knowledge of the schemes of F/S reclassification for ratio analysis purposes.
• Ability to describe the main ratios used to analyze F/S (measures of performance, liquidity and solvency).
• Ability to recognize whether there is or not a "control" as a prerequisite to prepare consolidated F/S.
• Ability to summarize the meaning of the consolidation adjustments when preparing the consolidated financial statement.

Second section: open-ended questions (journal entries or other types of open-ended questions, id est exercises) which is worth approx. 17-21 points aimed at assessing the application of the knowledge and understanding of the students, as follows:

• Ability to analyze, evaluate, calculate and prepare the journal entries related to the following financial statement items, according to law and to accounting principles:
  • Owners'equity.
  • Investments in other corporations.
  • Ability to calculate income taxes and prepare the relevant journal entries.
• Ability to compose the cash flow statement.
• Ability to reclassify the items according to the commonly-used F/S reclassification schemes for ratio analysis purposes.
• Ability to elaborate a F/S analysis (measures of performance, liquidity and solvency).
• Ability to prepare consolidated financial statement.

       II.          BONUS QUIZZES

During the course, 2 short quizzes are given to the students via BlackBoard. These tests consist of either closed-ended and open-ended questions. They approximately last 10-15 minutes and their main goal is to foster continuous assessment.

The quizzes do not require the use of Respondus Monitor.

Each of the two quizzes is graded between 0,00 and 4,00 points and at end of the course, points of the two quizzes are added up. Hence, a student can achieve up to 8,00 points as “bonus quizzes”.

Such (up to) 8,00 “bonus points” give the students the following: on the date of the exam, they are allowed TO SKIP some exercises (chosen by the instructors and clearly identified in the exam) which are automatically graded with the points scored in the quizzes.

In other words, these points are not “in addition to” the grade of the exam, but rather these points are “SUBSTITUTIVE” of exercises in the exam which are weighed 8 points.

In light of the above, all students who are happy with their grade achieved in the “bonus quizzes” have an exam on 23 point basis, as they automatically get a certain, predefined number of “bonus points” in the dedicated exercises.

Otherwise, whether a student is unhappy with the points achieved in the “bonus quizzes”, he/she is allowed to make all the exercises in the exam. The grade of the exam exercises overrides the points scored in the Bonus Quizzes.

But remember:

• the exam lasts the same time both for those who are happy with the quizzes points and for those who are unhappy with the quizzes points;
• partial grading won’t be activated for Bonus Quizzes questions, so for example if you have a 3-points question, and you have three “true or false”, and you answer correct to two over three, you are getting zero points anyway.

In short, the main advantages of the quizzes are:

• More time to take the exam
• A part of the grade is assigned in advance

In any possible scenario (absence, failure, withdraw) occurring in one exam session, the “bonus quizzes” is still valid and still may be used in the subsequent sessions of the academic year (February 2022).

After February 2022 the bonus quizzes is no longer valid.

Please note. Following is a clarification about roundings. When adding up the points of the quizzes with the points scored in the exam, the grade of the quiz stays as it is, with only the final grade of the exam 30427 being rounded, and then rounded again with 30426 to make an only grade 30425 in the academic career (please read paragraph “PREREQUISITES” above).

So for example if a student obtains an overall score on the quizzes of 6.5 out of 8, and the points of the exam are 20.25 out of 23, the final grade of the exam is 6.5 + 20.25 = 26.75 which is then rounded to 27 as final grade of Accounting 2 (30427).

If in the first semester the same student took 28 in Accounting 1 (30426), then the final total grade in the career of the student will be [(27+28)/2] = 27.50 which is rounded as 28 under the course code 30425 “Accounting”.

The course material is exclusively represented by:

• Financial Accounting, International Edition, Libby, Libby, Hodge. McGraw-Hill, 2018 (10th edition).
• C. GALIMBERTI, A. MARRA, A. PRENCIPE, Consolidation: Preparing and understanding consolidated financial statements under IFRS, McGrawHill Education, 2013.
• Slides - provided through Bboard.

The course materials (e.g., hands outs and teaching notes) are regularly downloadable from Bboard platform. Teachers make the materials available throughout the course.